Leadership stories: The bully executive

Authors: Johannes Traa and Anonymous

Illustrated by Lisa Rockefeller Valentine

June 9, 2023

Table of contents

Overview
The Stories
Ewan
Disgust
Bitching
Kicking around new hires
Humility on command
Corner office
Ripple effects
Submission as a survival strategy
Behavioral analysis
Organizational context
Personality disorder?
The process of abuse
Theories of human motivation
Coaching perspective
For Alan
For Ewan
For managers
For the organization
Conclusion

Overview

Leadership stories is a collection of case studies in leadership, each one followed by a behavioral analysis and coaching perspective. In this story, we hear one employee’s experience with an abusive executive. Management below this executive regarded his behavior as “average”, reminding us that the fish rots from the head down.

The stories

The following stories are one employee's memories of an executive in his office. The author's identity, individuals' names, and other identifying information have been obfuscated to maintain confidentiality. I am grateful to this employee for allowing me to interview him and share his stories here. He hopes that this contributes to the blog's mission.

To maximize your learning, I suggest empathizing with the author. Put yourself in his shoes.

Ewan

The first executive I came across, let's call him Ewan, was off. If someone disagreed with him in a meeting, he might insult or shame them. He also had a fragile ego. He singled me out (I eventually learned) with emotional abuse almost from the start, which made it really difficult for me to feel psychologically safe in the office.

Disgust

During one office-wide meeting, we were discussing whether it made sense to buy $300 landline phones for everyone’s desk. Ewan announced that this was in the plan and opened it up for discussion. A senior member of our software team, Roger, told us that he never needs to talk to anyone on the phone to do his work, so if he gets a desk phone, it’ll just sit there. He was well-liked and good at his job. He was known for his cheeky sense of humor and the room chuckled along with him.

In response to this, Ewan said, “Roger, listen to yourself!” and then stood there looking at him. His tone of voice had disgust in it. His comment was abrupt and upsetting. He had a habit of doing this. When the meeting ended and we all walked out of the room, a coworker of mine had a suspicious look on his face and said, “that was...weird.” We all knew what he was referring to. Roger retired happily two years later.

Bitching

Two coworkers of mine (one male, one female) were once presenting in a project review meeting. There were about fifteen people in the room. My coworkers were making the case that the project wasn't worth pursuing further. Ewan was presiding over the meeting and abruptly told them that they were “bitching” with a disgusted tone of voice. When he said that, there was dead silence in the room. Some people froze, including me.

He then asked to see the “marketing” slide again and proceeded to agree with my coworkers’ conclusions. He said that “there’s nothing for us here, it’s a saturated market”. The project was immediately shelved.

The project became an inside joke for many years afterwards because the laws of physics didn't allow the product to exist at all. Just ten days prior, we had held the technical progress meeting that reached that conclusion. The irony is that he made his comments in a meeting to evaluate the business case.

Kicking around new hires

Ewan started targeting me six weeks after I joined my group. A manager in my group eventually told me that Ewan felt I didn’t deserve to be here. That made total sense given how he conducted himself in our first conversation.

He walked up behind me at my desk, tapped me on the shoulder, and said, “let’s speak in my office” in a dull, emotionless voice. He then turned around and walked back to his office without saying another word, and I followed him. I already felt shocked by this abrupt situation with a stranger.

He closed the door behind me and we sat down. He didn’t introduce himself or ask how things were going, or anything like that. He simply said, “I want you to tell me what you think you’re doing here, and then I’ll tell you what you should be doing.” All with a dead look on his face. I felt frozen and crushed at the same time. I remember that I was hunched over a bit in discomfort.

The conversation felt like it lasted forever. He told me that “this isn’t school anymore” and that “we do things differently around here”. I told him that it might take me some time to adjust. To that he replied, “you’ll do it today”. It felt like I had just been thrown up against the wall behind me. And it went on like that.

Before I walked out of his office, I asked him what his role was here but never mustered up the courage to ask for his name. I had been searching earlier for a nameplate on his desk and couldn’t find one. I was shocked by what was happening and struggled to think straight. As I left, he swiveled back to his desk and started typing, as if nothing had just happened.

Ewan had managed to intimidate a few other people whom he didn't like into quitting, including my mentor and another new hire in my group. But I resisted him. I wasn’t going to validate his bad behavior by doing exactly as he said. This must have really thrown him off because it was the start of a pattern that I later recognized as emotional abuse. First time being outright bullied by an adult as an adult.

Humility on command

After a while, it became clear that Ewan lacked empathy and was unhappy. It was really on another level and I wonder if he actually had a personality disorder.

He eventually got transferred out of our office, marked by an office-wide announcement meeting that was led by our CTO. My jaw nearly hit the floor when the CTO praised Ewan for his humility. It was something to the effect of, “something I’ve come to admire in Ewan is his humility”.

As soon as he said this, Ewan looked caught off guard for a split second, but then crossed his hands in front of himself and bowed his head as if he were paying respect to a fallen comrade. He reacted on command. It was obviously fake. It indicated to me that our CTO was a politician who couldn’t be trusted.

Corner office

Here's another bizarre experience with Ewan. I was taking advantage of a quiet Saturday at the office to catch up on work. I was sitting in a video conferencing room situated in the corner of the building that fit up to eight people. The sliding door was closed. This was not long after he had probably gotten a talking to by another manager to leave me alone.

Ewan slid the door open, strolled confidently in and upon realizing that I was inside, quickly turned around and tried frantically to close the door. It had a funky latch mechanism that retracted into the door itself. He fumbled for a full ten seconds before getting it closed.

What really got me was that he was there to show his wife around the new workspace, and as they walked away down the hallway, he said that he was thinking of turning that conference room into his new office. I was stunned. It was a room specially set up for video conferencing that everyone used for their meetings, sometimes with international collaborators. And he already had a much bigger office on another floor where all the executives had their offices, including the CEO, whose office was right next to his. It took me a good moment to wrap my head around his arrogance.

Ripple effects

I worked through all of this with a therapist. Our sessions were mid-day on a Tuesday. Some days, before I returned to the office, I would first stop in the bathroom of the cafe across the street to cry for a while. That helped to process those painful emotions before I went back to my desk, which was in plain sight of Ewan's office and the passage that he used to get from his office to the main hallway and back.

My sense of psychological safety and belonging never fully recovered after that first year. Initially, my manager was helpful in giving me support and “managing up” with Ewan to “educate him”. He told me many things. That Ewan's behavior was "average" for someone in his position, that I “shouldn’t think of him as a colleague”, that I should “be pleasant if I see him around the office and tell him what he wants to hear”, that he “has a rigid mentality about hierarchy”, and that I’m on his bad side. He also said that Ewan is "too old to learn anything new”.

I felt as if I could go to my manager after each incident and be heard. But after a few months, he became annoyed and told me to stop bringing up the past.

Later on, I was told that management didn't think I handled the situation with Ewan well because most people “got along great with him”. For me, this was tone-deaf. It translated to “Ewan didn't bully anyone else who stayed, so why did you struggle so much when he bullied you?” The gaslighting was illogical and mind-boggling. It shielded Ewan from taking responsibility for his actions and shielded other managers from having to enforce healthy norms. I couldn’t tell if they just wanted to stay on his "good side" or they actually didn’t recognize that he had done something wrong.

One of my managers once wondered to me aloud, “why shouldn't I expect to have the same problems with you?” I tried to keep a straight face and said, “because you don't have a personality disorder and you're not emotionally abusive.” He looked confused. The ripple effects of Ewan's abuse echoed after he left my office.

Submission as a survival strategy

One former coworker said that, to deal with bully managers, you should smile and nod, never directly disagreeing, to avoid being targeted. It struck me to hear her say that because I was once perplexed by a guy who was talking to Ewan in his office. The man seemed to have a smile plastered on his face and he was nodding every 5-10 seconds, holding solid eye contact. He later became the head of a large group under Ewan.

Behavioral analysis

*sigh* Where do we even start? Here is my take on what happened with these two. For convenience, I will refer to the author of the stories as Alan.

Organizational context

“It’s not so much what’s ethical or professional, but rather what people can get away with.”
   – a coworker of mine

First, let’s understand the context of the organization. Ewan is an executive in a large software company. Apparently, the CEO wanted to infuse "adult thinking" into the office and tapped Ewan to clean the place up. If he bullies people and they quit, he doesn’t have to fire them, which avoids paying severance. His is a personnel strategy.

Second, they cross paths very early on in Alan’s career. Alan is in his 20s and Ewan is probably in his 50s. Alan is therefore extremely disempowered. And yet, the force of his will seems to be enough to shake the bully off of his foundation now and then. Why Ewan didn’t simply fire him is unclear. Alan may have had a guardian angel in management. Or maybe Alan’s response was too subtle to justify an outright firing to HR.

There are competing interests here. Ewan wants people he doesn’t like gone. Meanwhile, Alan wanted to start a career at the company and wasn’t going to let one bully stop him. I know from my own experiences starting an industry job after grad school that it can be a sizable adjustment. It must have been very challenging.

Personality disorder?

“It ... helps to remember that bullies are often insecure, unhappy people whose bark may be worse than their bite. That is a testable proposition. It is easier to see the importance of testing and to have patience and compassion when you see someone as a vulnerable or troubled colleague rather than an obnoxious thug.”
   – Bolman and Gallos, 2016, p. 9

Ewan may have a personality disorder, not unlike what has been documented in the literature on disordered corporate leaders (Goldman, 2010). There’s no way to know for sure without a mental health professional administering the appropriate tests. Ewan is more likely to simply be an insecure and unhappy bully.

The process of abuse

“Toxic leaders not only infect and negatively impact an organization - they also set a destructive example and agenda for perpetuating dark side hubris and narcissism.”
   – Goldman, 2010, p. 17

When a leader’s ethics are weak, deficiencies in emotional intelligence can be toxic (Goleman, 2019). They want to be respected and influential, but they don't have the people skills to make these things happen naturally. So they resort to coercive means to force what they want from others, which of course isn't how normal human relationships work. They could also be operating from a place of fear or insecurity. Coercive control is their coping strategy.

Emotional abuse is a toxin that slowly poisons you, wearing down your self-worth and motivation over time (Evans, 2003; Loring, 1994). It gradually distorts your reality so as to grant the abuser a power-over dynamic. It could have a significant negative impact on your mental and physical health if you allow yourself to be exposed to it long-term (van der Kolk, 2015). You’ll eventually feel burned out and worthless. This is old news for victims of domestic abuse, but it readily applies to power dynamics in the workplace like what we see in these stories.

It is a common experience to feel “crushed” by gaslighting and develop physical symptoms, precisely as Alan describes. Abusers often behave well with non-targets, who remain clueless and contribute to gaslighting the target. This is especially true if non-targets want to curate their reputation with the abuser, as managers above Alan probably wanted to with Ewan. This makes behavior like Ewan's particularly insidious.

Many people don't understand the process of emotional abuse, even if they have personally experienced it. For abuse survivors, learning about the psychology behind this dynamic can be empowering. Alan's experience seems to align with this.

Theories of human motivation

A helpful model from the organizational behavior literature is McGregor’s theory X and theory Y (McGregor, 1960). Theory X assumes that employees are inherently lazy and intent on taking advantage of their employer by doing the least work possible to hold the job. Theory Y sees employees as capable of significant contributions if only their needs and motivations were properly addressed.

Ewan clearly took a theory X perspective with Alan. As predicted by the theory, Ewan's behavior backfired long-term as Alan went on to spread information to other employees about his unethical behavior. This wouldn't have been a problem for Ewan had Alan cut his losses and quit, as others did.

Coaching perspective

In this section, I present how I would coach the various stakeholders in these stories.

For Alan

“Sometimes you have to bully the bullies. They won’t leave you alone until you gain their respect. You have to speak their language.”
   – a senior technologist at Alan’s company

If I were to coach Alan, I would focus on two things: communication and boundaries.

He felt unable to talk to anyone about what Ewan was doing other than his immediate manager, a therapist, and (probably) family and friends. It's reasonable to think that this should be reported to HR. However, given how toxic and powerful Ewan was, that could have been too risky. The more powerful the individual is, the less helpful HR will be. They could have easily come out in defense of Ewan. So Alan may have made the right call.

What of Alan's professional relationship with Ewan? Unempathetic abusers lack interest in others’ emotions and partially repress their own. Alan could have tried to confront Ewan about it. But a better approach, according to Bolman and Gallos (2016), is to “unhook” and “revise the script”.

“Some personality types cannot deal with the reality of a mirror being held up before them. ... It can be intellectually satisfying to confirm, for example, that you work for a skilled narcissist who cannot accept disagreement, is interpersonally exploitive, sucks up and pounds down, and lacks capacity for true empathy; but that clarity may help less than you might hope.”
   – Bolman and Gallos, 2016, p. xiv

Unhooking means noticing how the difficult person is affecting you and distancing yourself from their influence. This skill of setting interpersonal boundaries (Cloud and Townsend, 1992) can be developed with practice. Once Alan was educated in narcissism and emotional abuse, he could feel more confident standing up for himself and revising the script. It went from "you're on Ewan's bad side" to "Ewan's on my bad side". That was the beginning of a longer process of reframing that enabled Alan to reclaim his personal power.

From a leadership perspective, I would work with Alan on his political skills. “Mapping the terrain” (Fisher, Ury, and Patton, 2011) is a necessary skill for handling these situations. It’s about recognizing Ewan’s interests as well as who the stakeholders are who could help reinforce the boundary with Ewan. He could also work on being more assertive, calling things out as he sees them. This requires that he have the language to verbalize Ewan’s behavior in the first place. But once Alan gains it, he can feel confident using it with political tact.

Lastly, I would ask Alan to consider if he wants to continue working with people who normalize Ewan’s behavior. Long-term exposure to toxic culture could have a lasting negative impact. It could damage and change him. It’s important to consider the trade-offs and always be on the look-out for better options on the job market. Today's younger workers move between companies much more frequently than other generations, citing "feeling disrespected" among the top 3 reasons for quitting (Parker and Horowitz, 2022).

For Ewan

Within a broader coaching relationship with Ewan, I would run these thoughts by him in some form:

  1. Consider how your words and actions reflect on who you are as a person.
  2. Consider how some of your behaviors may undermine your own interests.

In light of his significant narcissism, these thoughts can be posed as questions that invite him to be the hero of his story:

  1. What kind of a leader do you want to be?
  2. How can you stay aligned with your deeper agenda?

The goal of coaching Ewan would not be to change his personal beliefs or personality, but instead to improve his decision-making. However, if Alan’s manager is right that Ewan is “too old to learn anything new”, then he is simply uncoachable. His destructive behavior must be tolerated and restrained as long as he continues to be a part of the organization.

For managers

Managers should be warry of the tone they are setting. It influences the organizational culture and could be the difference between talent staying or departing for greener pastures.

A great way for leaders to take initiative is to actively solicit feedback from their constituents. And then role-modeling humility in receiving that feedback. And then role-modeling transparency in verbalizing the changes they will make based on the feedback. When managers commit to excellence in people leadership, these steps become normalized and everyone benefits.

The reason why this is hard to implement in practice is that there are political ramifications in admitting that one is mistaken or has caused harm. Managers may double down on their mistakes (and gaslight) rather than receive feedback from subordinates. This is to remain politically competitive and avoid the blow to their egos. This is especially true for managers who have not addressed their deeper insecurities. The prevalence of this doubling down in an organization is one indicator of toxic culture.

It takes a strong leader to break out of these cycles and set a healthier tone, but it's doable. It requires significant self-knowledge. The process of developing these skills can be hastened by intentional work with a mentor, a leadership coach, a therapist, or even all three!

For the organization

Leaders like Ewan who have a habit of turning their aggression on their own people present a liability to their organization. If they are good at the technical part of their job and the company wants to keep them, there need to be safety nets in place to protect employees.

One such insurance policy is the curation of safe channels of communication through which employees can provide feedback about superiors. Without something like this, destructive behaviors go unchecked.

These communication channels are analogous to having a witness present at all times when an abuser interacts with their target. They are important to a business because psychologically safe workplace cultures are a competitive advantage. If your company is run by unchecked assholes and your competitor’s isn’t, you might have a problem.

At the same time, businesses strategize through their budgets. The losses due to leaders’ destructive behaviors are a cost of retaining them (a cost of doing business). If that cost is accounted for or negligible compared to the value such leaders add to the business, only questions of interpersonal ethics (Firestone and Catlett, 2009) motivate change. This whole calculation should be intentional on the part of upper management, not left to chance.

Finally, employees should understand that this calculation has already been made in some form at the time they become aware of cultural issues. They should therefore not expect problems like Ewan to be fixed easily, and also that other leaders will tend to revolve around the Ewans of the org. Powerful narcissists tend to induce significant cultural gravity.

Conclusion

Alan's stories remind us that anyone can be mismanaged. It's in each of our interests to do our part in building healthy organizational cultures. Cultivating a healthy culture is a choice that promises to empower everyone.

Influential leaders like Ewan who behave poorly towards disempowered members of their community pose a real risk to their organizations. In the end, it is up to the executive team and others with influence over company culture to tactfully mitigate this risk. That could mean executive coaching for leaders who exhibit destructive behaviors. Or it could mean cultivating feedback processes that serve as a third-party witness to events on the ground.

I hope you are able to take away something valuable from these stories and discussion! Thank you for reading. Be well.


References

Bolman, L. G. and Gallos, J. V. (2016). Engagement: Transforming Difficult Relationships At Work. Wiley.

Cloud, H. and Townsend, J. (2017). Boundaries: When to Say Yes, How to Say No, To Take Control of Your Life. Zondervan.

Evans, P. (2010). The Verbally Abusive Relationship: How to Recognize It and How to Respond (3rd ed.). Adams Media.

Firestone, R. W. and Catlett, J. (2009). The Ethics of Interpersonal Relationships. Routledge.

Fisher, R., Ury, W. L., and Patton, B. (2011). Getting to Yes: Negotiating Agreement Without Giving In. Penguin Publishing Group.

Goldman, A. (2010). Destructive Leaders and Dysfunctional Organizations: A Therapeutic Approach. Cambridge University Press.

Goleman, D. (2019). The Emotionally Intelligent Leader. Harvard Business Review Press.

Loring, M. T. (1994). Emotional Abuse: The Trauma and the Treatment. Jossey-Bass.

McGregor, D. (1960). The Human Side of Enterprise. McGraw-Hill.

Parker, K. and Horowitz, J. M. (2022). Majority of workers who quit a job in 2021 cite low pay, no opportunities for advancement, feeling disrespected. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2022/03/09/majority-of-workers-who-quit-a-job-in-2021-cite-low-pay-no-opportunities-for-advancement-feeling-disrespected/

van der Kolk, B. (2015). The Body Keeps the Score: Brain, Mind, and Body in the Healing of Trauma. Penguin Publishing Group.